Successful virus infection in plants occurs as a result of compatible interactions between host and pathogen. In a compatible interaction, viruses are able to exploit host cell functions for amplification and spread without causing damage to the host, and counteract the intrinsic antiviral defenses of the plant. In this scenario, RNA silencing represent a fine-tuned regulatory matrix that contributes to maintain a subtle balance within the pathosystem by targeting both plant and virus genomes. Since RNA silencing responds to temperature, climate changes may endanger this balance and increase the risks of dangerous disease outbreaks (with strong symptoms). Recent studies on the interaction between plant viruses and RNA silencing mostly rely on model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. In this project, approaches and research results from these two model species shall be applied to the analysis of virus infection in Rapeseed (Brassica napus), a major source for vegetable oils, biofuels, and feed.